Research Articles

This page includes a curated list of research articles relevant to informed consent and dysphagia management. The collection is organized into three primary categories:

1. Research on informed consent and shared decision-making
These articles explore ethical frameworks, autonomy, disclosure standards, decision-making capacity, and implementation of shared decision-making processes in healthcare settings.

2. Research on the direct impacts of texture-modified diets and related interventions
These articles examine clinical outcomes, quality of life considerations, safety data, and the broader implications of thickened liquids, modified diets, and alternative feeding approaches.

3. Research on risk factors or complications associated with dysphagia management
These articles examine the risk factors associated with aspiration pneumonia development and indirect complications associated with

Some of the listed articles are open access. Others may be published in subscription-based journals and require institutional or personal access.

If you do not have access to a particular journal, I recommend trying to access it through your local public library’s online research database portal. Public librarians should be able to acquire any of these articles not immediately available for you at no cost via interlibrary loan (ILL).

If that does not work, you may find this guide helpful for learning how to legally access full-text articles at no cost:
https://www.theinformedslp.com/review/how-to-get-access-to-full-journal-articles

Our goal is to promote evidence-informed practice by making it easier to locate, organize, and access the research that shapes ethical dysphagia care.

If you know of an article that belongs on this page, feel free to contact us.

Contact Us

Research on Informed Consent and Shared Decision-Making

  • Ankolekar, A., Steffensen, K. D., Olling, K., Dekker, A., Wee, L., Roumen, C., Hasannejadasl, H., & Fijten, R. (2021). Practitioners’ views on shared decision-making implementation: A qualitative study. PLoS ONE, 16(November), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259844

  • Askren, A., & Leslie, P. (2019). Complexity of clinical decision making: Consent, capacity, and ethics. Seminars in Speech and Language, 40(3), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688838

  • Atkinson, K. (2022). Shared decision making in dysphagia. British Journal of Nursing, 31(13), S21–S24. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0201

  • Badger, C., & Verma, S. P. (2018). A tough pill to swallow: Medicolegal liability and dysphagia. American Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery, 39(6), 698–703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2018.07.015

  • Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J. F. (2001). Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.

  • Bomba, P. (2017). Supporting the patient voice: Building the foundation of shared decision-making. GENERATIONS-Journal of the American Society on Aging, 41(1), 21–30. www.asaging.org/join.

  • Brett, A. S., & Rosenberg, J. C. (2001). The adequacy of informed consent for placement of gastrostomy tubes. Arch Intern Med, 161, 745–748.

  • Charles, C., Gafni, A., & Whelan, T. (1997). Shared decision-making in the medical encounter: What does it mean? (Or it takes at least two to tango). Social Science & Medicine, 44(5), 681–692.

  • Hodges Shaw, M., Quill, T. E., & Sussman, B. L. (2020). The legacy of Cruzan: balancing the moral agency of surrogates and the state. SMU Law Review, 73, 179–192. https://perma.cc/42XN-L6HG].

  • Hoffman, D. N., & Strand, G. R. (2024). ‘Sit down and thrash it out’: Opportunities for expanding ethics consultation during conflict resolution in long-term care. New Bioethics, 30(2), 152–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/20502877.2024.2330275

  • Horner, J., Modayil, M., Chapman, L. R., & Dinh, A. (2016). Consent, refusal, and waivers in patient-centered dysphagia care: Using law, ethics, and evidence to guide clinical practice. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 25, 453–469. https://doi.org/10.1044/2016

  • Kenny, B. (2015). Food Culture, Preferences and Ethics in Dysphagia Management. Bioethics, 29(9), 646–652. https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12189

  • Leslie, P. & Lisiecka, D. (2020). Ethical issues in dysphagia management. Seminars in Speech and Language, 41(3), 257–265. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1710561

  • Li, W., Su, M., Li, Z., & Fan, X. (2025). Facilitators and barriers in the implementation of patient-centred care interventions among general practitioners: A systematic review protocol. Health Research Policy and Systems, 23(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-024-01277-6

  • Miles, A., Watt, T., Wong, W. Y., McHutchison, L., & Friary, P. (2016). Complex feeding decisions: Perceptions of staff, patients, and their families in the inpatient hospital setting. Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 2, 233372141666552. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333721416665523

  • Narapaka, P. K., Katikala, K., Ponnala, V. R., Penumaka, S. M., & Virupapuram, F. (2021). Facilitators and barriers for implementation of shared decision making: A review. International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research, 6(2), 117–122. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20210421

  • O’Keeffe, S. T., Leslie, P., Lazenby-Paterson, T., McCurtin, A., Collins, L., Murray, A., Smith, A., & Mulkerrin, S. (2023). Informed or misinformed consent and use of modified texture diets in dysphagia. BMC Medical Ethics, 24(7), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-023-00885-1

Research on the Direct Impacts of Texture-Modified Diets and Related Interventions

  • Abrams, S. W., Gandhi, P., & Namasivayam-Macdonald, A. (2023). The adverse effects and events of thickened liquid use in adults: A systematic review. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 32(5), 2331–2350. https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_AJSLP-22-00380

  • Alves, D. C., & Dantas, R. O. (2017). Difficulties in thickened water ingestion in healthy subjects. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 22, 107–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.07.077

  • Araie, T., Ono Minagi, H., Usami, Y., Ikai, K., Sakai, M., Gojo, N., Nohara, K., & Sakai, T. (2020). Effect of xanthan gum-thickened liquid aspiration on the lungs in a mouse model. Oral Science International, 17(2), 78–85. https://doi.org/10.1002/osi2.1047

  • Archer, B., Azios, J., Azios, M., Becerril, S., & Heels, J. (2018). “Dear diary”: A preliminary study of the effects of consistency modification on three dimensions of wellness. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 40(1), 50–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525740117741960

  • Arigita, A. P., Lecha, M., Alguero, A. S., Farreras, R. P., Vasquez, A. G., Ambrós, H. B., & Ballester, L. V. (2022). Differences in the quality of life of patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia according to the place of residence: Impact on food selection and type of diet. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 39(1), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.03824

  • Ballesteros-Pomar, M. D., Pérez-Martín, J., Mendiola, M. J., García-García, J. M., Parrado-Cuesta, S., Caracuel, Á. M., Garcés, B., Comellas, M., de Paz, H. D., & Barcons, N. (2021). Cost, microbiological, and nutritional properties of pureed food production in nursing homes. The abadia study. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 38(3), 470–477. https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.03465

  • Borders, J. C., & Steele, C. M. (2024). The effect of liquid consistency on penetration-aspiration: a Bayesian analysis of two large datasets. Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fresc.2024.1337971

  • Cichero, J. A. Y. (2020). Evaluating chewing function: Expanding the dysphagia field using food oral processing and the IDDSI framework. Journal of Texture Studies, 51(1), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/jtxs.12462

  • Colodny, N. (2005). Dysphagic independent feeders’ justifications for noncompliance with recommendations by a speech-language pathologist. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 14(1), 61–70. https://doi-org.ezproxy.baylor.edu/10.1044/1058-0360(2005/008)

  • Dantas, R. 0, Kern, M. K., Massey, B. T., Dodds, W. J., Kahrilas, P. J., Brasseur, J. G., Cook, I. J., Lang, I. M., & Dantas, R. O. (1990). Effect of swallowed bolus variables on oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing. American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 258(5), G675–G681. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.258.5.G675

  • Davis, C., Namasivayam-Macdonald, A. M., & Shune, S. E. (2021). Contributors to poststroke dysphagia-related caregiver burden. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 30(3), 1061–1073. https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_AJSLP-20-00250

  • Ilgaz, F., Timur, S. S., Eylem, C. C., Nemutlu, E., Erdem, Ç. E., Eroğlu, H., & Gökmen-Özel, H. (2022). Do thickening agents used in dysphagia diet affect drug bioavailability? European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 174, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106197

  • Inamoto, Y., Saitoh, E., Okada, S., Kagaya, H., Shibata, S., Ota, K., Baba, M., Fujii, N., Katada, K., Wattanapan, P., & Palmer, J. B. (2013). The effect of bolus viscosity on laryngeal closure in swallowing: Kinematic analysis using 320-row area detector CT. Dysphagia, 28(1), 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-012-9410-4

  • Koteki, S., & Schmidt, R. (2010). Cost and effectiveness analysis using nursing staff-prepared thickened liquids vs. commercially thickened liquids in stroke patients with dysphagia. Nursing Economics, 28(2), 107–113. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20446381/

  • Lee, S., Yoo, J. Y., Kim, M., & Ryu, J. S. (2013). Changes of timing variables in swallowing of boluses with different viscosities in patients with dysphagia. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 94(1), 120–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2012.07.0

  • Lim, D. J. H., Mulkerrin, S. M., Mulkerrin, E. C., & O’Keeffe, S. T. (2016). A randomised trial of the effect of different fluid consistencies used in the management of dysphagia on quality of life: A time trade-off study. Age and Ageing, 45(2), 309–312. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afv194

  • Logemann, J. A., Gensler, G., Robbins, J., Lindblad, A. S., Brandt, D., Hind, J. A., Kosek, S., Dikeman, K., KAzandjian, M., Gramigna, G. D., Lundy, D., McGarvey Toler, S., & Miller Gardner, P. J. (2008). A randomized study of three interventions for aspiration of thin liquids in patients with dementia or Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 51(1), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2008/013)

  • Manrique, Y. J., Lee, D. J., Islam, F., Nissen, L. M., Cichero, J. A. Y., Stokes, J. R., & Steadman, K. J. (2014). Crushed tablets: Does the administration of food vehicles and thickened fluids to aid medication swallowing alter drug release? Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17(2), 207–219. https://doi.org/10.18433/j39w3v

  • Marin, S., Ortega, O., Serra-Prat, M., Valls, E., Pérez-Cordón, L., & Clavé, P. (2023). Economic evaluation of clinical, nutritional and rehabilitation interventions on oropharyngeal dysphagia after stroke: A systematic review. Nutrients, 15(7), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071714

  • Matsumura, E., Nohara, K., Fukatsu, H., Tanaka, N., Fujii, N., & Sakai, T. (2024). Effects of thickening agents on the mucociliary transport function: comparison by the type of thickening agents and the viscosity of thickened water. Dysphagia, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-024-10704-3

  • Matsuo, T., Sato, C., Tomita, T., & Sadzuka, Y. (2020). Effects of thickened drinks on the disintegration of various oral tablets. Heliyon, 6(12), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05800

  • Matsuo, T., Sasaki, H., Tomita, T., & Sadzuka, Y. (2021). Comparison of the effects on tablet disintegration of solvents used to dissolve food thickeners. Journal of Texture Studies, 52(3), 380–388. https://doi.org/10.1111/jtxs.12589

  • Miles, A., Liang, V., Sekula, J., Broadmore, S., Owen, P., & Braakhuis, A. J. (2020). Texture-modified diets in aged care facilities: Nutrition, swallow safety and mealtime experience. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 39(1), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12640

  • Miles, A., McFarlane, M., Scott, S., & Hunting, A. (2018). Cough response to aspiration in thin and thick fluids during FEES in hospitalized inpatients. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 53(5), 909–918. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12401

  • Muñoz-Núñez, M., Laguna, L., & Tárrega, A. (2023). What is the food like that people choke on? A study on food bolus physical properties under different in vitro oral capacities. Food Research International, 165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112474

  • Nagy, A., Molfenter, S. M., Péladeau-Pigeon, M., Stokely, S., & Steele, C. M. (2015). The effect of bolus consistency on hyoid velocity in healthy swallowing. Dysphagia, 30(4), 445–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-015-9621-6

  • Nakao, Y., Onishi, H., Haji, T., Shiromoto, O., Saito, S., Nanto, T., Uchiyama, Y., & Domen, K. (2022). Impact of thickened liquids on laryngeal movement velocity in patients with dysphagia. Dysphagia, 37(1), 207–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-021-10267-7

  • Nativ-Zeltzer, N., Kuhn, M. A., Imai, D. M., Traslavina, R. P., Domer, A. S., Litts, J. K., Adams, B., & Belafsky, P. C. (2018). The effects of aspirated thickened water on survival and pulmonary injury in a rabbit model. Laryngoscope, 128(2), 327–331. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.26698

  • Nativ-Zeltzer, N., Ueha, R., Nachalon, Y., Ma, B., Pastenkos, G., Swackhamer, C., Bornhorst, G. M., Lefton-Greif, M. A., Anderson, J. D., & Belafsky, P. C. (2021). Inflammatory effects of thickened water on the lungs in a murine model of recurrent aspiration. Laryngoscope, 131(6), 1223–1228. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.28948

  • Palmer, P. M., & Padilla, A. H. (2024). Linking the impact of aspiration to host variables using the BOLUS framework: Support from a rapid review. Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fresc.2024.1412635

  • Paramita, D. V., Juniati, S. H., & Romdhoni, A. C. (2021). Correlation of pharyngeal residue with penetration-aspiration in post-radiotherapy nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. Medico-Legal Update, 21(2), 460–467. https://doi.org/10.37506/mlu.v21i2.2724

  • Robbins, J., Gensler, G., Hind, J., Logemann, J. A., Lindblad, A. S., Brand, D., Baum, H., Lilienfeld, D., Kosek, S., Lundy, D., Dikeman, K., Kazandjian, M., Gramigna, G. D., McGarvey-Toler, S., & Miller Gardner, P. J. (2008). Comparison of 2 interventions for liquid aspiration on pneumonia incidence a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med, 148(7), 1–7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18378947/

  • Rofes, L., Arreola, V., Mukherjee, R., Swanson, J., & Clave, P. (2014). The effects of a xanthan gum-based thickener on the swallowing function of patients with dysphagia. Aliment Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 39(10), 1169–1179. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.12696

  • Shimizu, A., Yamaguchi, K., & Tohara, H. (2024). Impact of pureed and liquidised diets on health-related quality of life scores in older patients during postacute rehabilitation: A pilot study. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 37(1), 227–233. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.13250

  • Smaoui, S., Peladeau-Pigeon, M., Steele, C. M., Chandrasekaran, B., & Ciucci, M. (2021). Variations in hyoid kinematics across liquid consistencies in healthy swallowing. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 64(1), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00508  

  • Smith, R., Bryant, L., & Hemsley, B. (2023). The true cost of dysphagia on quality of life: The views of adults with swallowing disability. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 58(2), 451–466. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12804

  • Steele, C. M., Molfenter, S. M., Péladeau-Pigeon, M., Polacco, R. C., & Yee, C. (2014). Variations in tongue-palate swallowing pressures when swallowing xanthan gum-thickened liquids. Dysphagia, 29(6), 678–684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-014-9561-6

  • Steele, C. M., Peladeau-Pigeon, M., Barbon, C. A. E., Guida, B. T., Namasivayam-MacDonald, A. M., Nascimento, W. v., Smaoui, S., Tapson, M. S., Valenzano, T. J., Waito, A. A., & Wolkin, T. S. (2019). Reference values for healthy swallowing across the range from thin to extremely thick liquids. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 62(5), 1338–1363. https://doi.org/10.1044/2019_JSLHR-S-18-0448

  • Taniguchi, H., Tsukada, T., Ootaki, S., Yamada, Y., & Inoue, M. (2008). Correspondence between food consistency and suprahyoid muscle activity, tongue pressure, and bolus transit times during the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing. J Appl Physiol, 105, 791–799. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.90485.2008.-This

  • Tomita, T., Goto, H., Sumiya, K., Yoshida, T., Tanaka, K., Kudo, K., & Kohda, Y. (2017). Effect of food thickener on the inhibitory effect of mitiglinide tablets on post-prandial elevation of blood glucose levels. Dysphagia, 32(3), 449–453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-017-9787-1

  • Venkat, S. (2024). Improving swallowing function with thickening agents in post-stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia: A real-world experience. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 40(7), 1163–1170. https://doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2024.2365406

  • Vilardell, N., Rofes, L., Arreola, V., Speyer, R., & Clave, P. (2016). A comparative study between modified starch and xanthan gum thickeners in post-stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia. Dysphagia, 31(2), 169–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-015-9672-8

  • Wu, X. S., Yousif, L., Miles, A., & Braakhuis, A. (2022). A comparison of dietary intake and nutritional status between aged care residents consuming texture-modified diets with and without oral nutritional supplements. Nutrients, 14(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030669

Research on risk factors, complications, and other issues associated with dysphagia management

  • Artero, A., López-Cruz, I., Alberola, J., Eiros, J. M., Resa, E., Piles, L., & Madrazo, M. (2023). Influence of sepsis on the middle-term outcomes for urinary tract infections in elderly people. Microorganisms, 11(8), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11081959

  • Ashford, J. R. (2024). Impaired oral health: A required companion of bacterial aspiration pneumonia. Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences, 5, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fresc.2024.1337920

  • Bittencourt, A. F., Martins, J. R., Logullo, L., Shiroma, G., Horie, L., Ortolani, M. C., Silva, M. D. L. T., & Waitzberg, D. L. (2012). Constipation is more frequent than diarrhea in patients fed exclusively by enteral nutrition: Results of an observational study. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 27(4), 533–539. https://doi.org/10.1177/0884533612449488

  • Bock, J. M., Varadarajan, V., Brawley, M. C., & Blumin, J. H. (2017). Evaluation of the natural history of patients who aspirate. Laryngoscope, 127, S1–S10. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.26854

  • Bosch, X., Formiga, F., Cuerpo, S., Torres, B., Rosón, B., & López-Soto, A. (2012). Aspiration pneumonia in old patients with dementia. Prognostic factors of mortality. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 23(8), 720–726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2012.08.006

  • Boullata, J. I. (2021). Enteral medication for the tube-fed patient: Making this route safe and effective. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 36(1), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.1002/ncp.10615

  • Cegelka, A. (2014). American Geriatrics Society feeding tubes in advanced dementia position statement. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 62(8), 1590–1593. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12924

  • Chen, C., Yan, S., Wang, C., Yeh, Y., Chen, C., Lee, Y., & Tseng, Y. (2025). Long‐term risk associations of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and nasogastric tubes: A population‐based cohort study. Advances in Digestive Medicine, 12(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/aid2.13425

  • Cichero, J. A. Y., Lam, P., Steele, C. M., Hanson, B., Chen, J., Dantas, R. O., Duivestein, J., Kayashita, J., Lecko, C., Murray, J., Pillay, M., Riquelme, L., & Stanschus, S. (2017). Development of International Terminology and Definitions for Texture-Modified Foods and Thickened Fluids Used in Dysphagia Management: The IDDSI Framework. Dysphagia, 32(2), 293–314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-016-9758-y

  • Cichero, J. A. Y., Steele, C., Duivestein, J., Clavé, P., Chen, J., Kayashita, J., Dantas, R., Lecko, C., Speyer, R., Lam, P., & Murray, J. (2013). The need for international terminology and definitions for texture-modified foods and thickened liquids used in dysphagia management: Foundations of a global initiative. Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports, 1(4), 280–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40141-013-0024-z

  • Cimoli, M., Gibney, J., Lim, M., Castles, J., & Dammert, P. (2024). Nil per os in the management of oropharyngeal dysphagia—exploring the unintended consequences. Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences, 5(1410023), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fresc.2024.1410023

  • Cintra, M. T. G., de Rezende, N. A., de Moraes, E. N., Cunha, L. C. M., & da Gama Torres, H. O. (2014). A comparison of survival, pneumonia, and hospitalization in patients with advanced dementia and dysphagia receiving either oral or enteral nutrition. Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 18(10), 894–899. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-014-0487-3

  • Colodny, N. (2005). Dysphagic independent feeders’ justifications for noncompliance with recommendations by a speech-language pathologist. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 14(1), 61–70.

  • Crary, M. A., Carnaby, G. D., Shabbir, Y., Miller, L., & Silliman, S. (2016). Clinical variables associated with hydration status in acute ischemic stroke patients with dysphagia. Dysphagia, 31(1), 60–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-015-9658-6

  • Davis, L. A., & Rideout, K. K. (2002). A survey of speech-language pathologists’ criteria to determine safety for oral intake. Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders, 29, 141–145. https://pubs.asha.org

  • Fazakerly, A., & Nativ, N. (2020). The geriatric swallow: Through thick and thin. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, 5, 1039–1044. https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_persp-19-00111

  • Forough, A. S., Lau, E. T. L., Steadman, K. J., Cichero, J. A. Y., Kyle, G. J., Santos, J. M. S., & Nissen, L. M. (2018). A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down? A review of strategies for making pills easier to swallow. Patient Preference and Adherence, 12, 1337–1346. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S164406

  • Garrison, C. M. (2018). Enteral feeding tube clogging: What are the causes and what are the answers? A bench top analysis. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 33(1), 147–150. https://doi.org/10.1002/ncp.10009

  • Gül, G., & Aydın, M. A. (2020). Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement without sedation in high-risk patients: A safe and well-tolerated technique. Laparosc Endosc Surg Sci, 27(3), 174–179. https://doi.org/10.14744/less.2019.00710

  • Hamrick, I., Norton, D., Birstler, J., Chen, G., Cruz, L., & Hanrahan, L. (2020). Association between dehydration and falls. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes, 4(3), 259–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.01.003

  • Lacey, J., Corbett, J., Forni, L., Hooper, L., Hughes, F., Minto, G., Moss, C., Price, S., Whyte, G., Woodcock, T., Mythen, M., & Montgomery, H. (2019). A multidisciplinary consensus on dehydration: definitions, diagnostic methods and clinical implications. Annals of Medicine, 51(3–4), 232–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2019.1628352

  • Lean, K., Nawaz, R. F., Jawad, S., & Vincent, C. (2019). Reducing urinary tract infections in care homes by improving hydration. BMJ Open Quality, 8(3), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000563

  • Lopes, S., Tavares, V., Mascarenhas, P., Lopes, M., Cardote, C., Godinho, C., Oliveira, C., Santos, C. A., Oom, M., Grillo-Evangelista, J., & Fonseca, J. (2022). Oral health status of adult dysphagic patients that undergo endoscopic gastrostomy for long term enteral feeding. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(8), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084827

  • Lozano-Estevan, M. del C., Bermejo, L. M., Cervera-Muñoz, A., Martínez-García, R. M., & Cuadrado-Soto, E. (2024). Importance of hydration in people with dysphagia and its consequences. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 41(3), 41–44. https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.05456

  • Masot, O., Lavedán, A., Nuin, C., Escobar-Bravo, M. A., Miranda, J., & Botigué, T. (2018). Risk factors associated with dehydration in older people living in nursing homes: Scoping review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 82, 90–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.03.020

  • McCurtin, A., Collins, L., King, L., Lazenby-Paterson, T., Lisiecki, D., Leslie, P., McInerney, M., Moran, A., O’Keeffe, S., & Smith, A. (2024). Beyond thickened liquids: For your consideration. Journal of Clinical Practice in Speech-Language Pathology, 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/22000259.2024.2359368

  • Miles, A., Liang, V., Sekula, J., Broadmore, S., Owen, P., & Braakhuis, A. J. (2020). Texture-modified diets in aged care facilities: Nutrition, swallow safety and mealtime experience. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 39(1), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12640

  • O’Keeffe, S. T. (2018). Use of modified diets to prevent aspiration in oropharyngeal dysphagia: Is current practice justified? BMC Geriatrics, 18(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-018-0839-7

  • Osborne, K., Khan, M. A., & Goday, P. S. (2023). Enteral tubes: Type, care, and management of complications. Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics, 9(4), 238–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40746-023-00273-2